• Participant must be ≥ 18 years of age at the time of signing the informed consent

• Participant willing to sign the informed consent form (ICF) and to complete all study-specific procedures and visits

• To have a diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH/MAFLD followed at Epatocentro Ticino and collaborating/referring clinicians based on:

‣ Liver biopsy with a histological evidence of NAFLD/NASH/MAFLD OR

⁃ Liver imaging (ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, CAP Controlled Attenuation Parameter) OR

⁃ Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and liver fibrosis or cirrhosis without an alternative diagnosis; metabolic syndrome fulfilling one or more of the below mentioned conditions:

• Abdominal obesity: a waist circumference of more than 35 inches (\>89cm) for women and more than 40 inches (\>102 cm) for men;

∙ High blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg or higher. Normal blood pressure is defined as less than 130 mm Hg for systolic pressure, and less than 80 mm Hg for diastolic pressure

∙ Impaired fasting blood glucose. This means a level equal to or greater than 100 mg/dL (\>5.6 mmol/L)

∙ High triglyceride levels of more than 150 mg/dL (\> 1.7mmol/L).

∙ Low HDL (good) cholesterol: less than 40 mg/dL (\< 1.04 mmol/L) for men and less than 50 mg/dL (\< 1.29 mmol/L) for women

• alcohol consumption less than 21 (males) or 14 (women) units per week in the 6 months before the enrolment and no history of excessive alcohol consumption in the 5 years before enrolment. One unit is 12g (grams) of pure alcohol; 10-12 grams of pure alcohol are contained in a 280-330 ml of beer, 150-180 ml of champagne, 30-40 ml of whisky or high-strength spirit, 60-80 ml of liqueur, and 100-120 ml of red wine